Leukemias and lymphomas: Studies looking at a possible link between personal hair dye use and the risk of blood-related cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma have had mixed results. However, studies looking at people who have their hair dyed have not found a consistent increase in bladder cancer risk. These studies have looked at 2 groups of people:īladder cancer: Most studies of people exposed to hair dyes at work, such as hairdressers and barbers, have found a small but fairly consistent increased risk of bladder cancer. Most of the studies looking at whether hair dye products increase the risk of cancer have focused on certain cancers such as bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer. It’s not clear how these results might relate to people’s use of hair dyes. Although studies have shown that some of the dye applied to an animal’s skin is absorbed into the bloodstream, most have not found a link between skin application and cancer risk. Some of the ingredients used in hair dyes (including certain aromatic amines) have been shown to cause cancer in lab animals, usually when the animals were given large amounts of the dyes over a long period of time. In fact, many studies classify personal hair dye use based on whether it took place before or after 1980. Studying exposure to hair dyes from decades ago may not be the same as studying current exposures. Early hair dyes contained chemicals, including some aromatic amines, which were found in the late 1970s to cause cancer in lab animals, so hair dye manufacturers changed some of them in their products. On top of this, the ingredients in hair dyes have changed over time. Studying hair dyes can be hard because not all hair dyes are the same – they can contain any of thousands of different chemicals. In most cases neither type of study provides enough evidence on its own, so researchers usually look at both human and lab-based studies when trying to figure out if something might cause cancer. Studies in people (epidemiologic studies).Lab studies (studies done using lab animals or cells in lab dishes).A substance that causes cancer or helps cancer grow is called a carcinogen. Researchers use 2 main types of studies to try to figure out if a substance can cause cancer. Studies have looked most closely at the risks of blood cancers (leukemias and lymphomas), bladder cancer, and breast cancer. Researchers have been studying a possible link between hair dye use and cancer for many years. Many of the concerns about hair dyes possibly causing cancer have focused on people who work with them. People who work around hair dyes regularly as part of their jobs, such as hairdressers, stylists, and barbers, are likely to be exposed more than people who just dye their hair on occasion. When people dye their hair or have it dyed, some chemicals in the hair dyes can be absorbed in small amounts through the skin or inhaled from fumes in the air. Because darker dyes have more of some chemicals that may cause cancer, these products are of greatest potential concern. Most of the concern about cancer risk has been with the semi-permanent and permanent dyes. Darker hair dyes tend to use more of these coloring agents. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, these substances go through chemical reactions to become dyes. They contain colorless substances such as aromatic amines and phenols. These dyes are sometimes referred to as coal-tar dyes because of some of the ingredients in them. They are the most popular types of hair dyes, because the color changes last until the hair is replaced by new growth. Permanent (oxidative): Permanent dyes cause lasting chemical changes in the hair shaft.They typically last for 5 to 10 washings. Semi-permanent: Semi-permanent dyes do penetrate into the hair shaft.Temporary: Temporary dyes cover the surface of the hair but don’t penetrate into the hair shaft.Hair dyes vary greatly in their chemical make-up. Here is what the research shows so that you can make choices that are comfortable for you. Studies have looked at hair dyes as a possible risk factor for various types of cancer. Many people use hair dyes, which can contain different types of chemicals.
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